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Hydrogen forms compounds with elements that exhibit high electronegativity, such as halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) and oxygen. It forms compounds with elements of lower electronegativity, including metals and metalloids, in which it bears a partial negative charge. These compounds are designated as hydrides. In 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis proposed the existence of the hydrid anion for ionic hydrides of Groups 1 and 2. In 1920, Moers confirmed the presence of the hydrid anion by electrolysing molten lithium hydride (LiH), consequently generating a stoichiometric quantity of hydrogen at the anode.
Symbol: H
Atomic number: 1
Atomic mass: 1.008
Element Category: Reactive non-metal
Hydrogen is a chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. It has a standard atomic weight of 1.008 and is the lightest element in the periodic table. Hydrogen constitutes approximately 75 % of the total baryonic mass in the Universe. Stars that are not remnants consist mainly of hydrogen in a plasma state. The most common isotope, known as protium (symbol 1H), contains one proton and no neutrons.
Hydrogen forms compounds with electronegative elements such as the halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) and oxygen. It also reacts with less electronegative elements, including metals and metalloids, thereby assuming a partial negative charge. These compounds are generally classified as hydrides. Gilbert N. Lewis proposed the hydride anion in 1916 for salt-like hydrides of groups 1 and 2. Moers confirmed its existence in 1920 through the electrolysis of molten lithium hydride (LiH), which produced a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen at the anode.
Hydrogen forms numerous compounds with carbon, which are known as hydrocarbons. It forms an even greater variety of compounds with heteroatoms that are classified as organic compounds due to their occurrence in living organisms. In inorganic chemistry, hydrides may serve as bridging ligands that connect two metal centres in a coordination complex. This role is particularly common with group 13 elements, especially in boranes (boron hydrides) and aluminium complexes, as well as in carborane clusters.
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