The electronics industry continues rapid development. Advanced materials remain central to sector performance. This page examines how such materials, including semiconductors and flexible substrates, improve device functions and contribute to technology integration in daily life.

Semiconductor Innovations:

1. Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN):

• SiC and GaN are semiconductor materials.
• They allow production of devices operating at high frequencies and performance.
• They possess thermal and electrical properties suited to applications in power electronics and radio frequency devices.

2. Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes:

• Graphene is a one-atom-thick layer of carbon.
• Carbon nanotubes provide electrical conductivity and mechanical strength.
• These materials support transistor development with reduced switching times and enhanced energy efficiency.

Display Technologies:

1. Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs):

• OLEDs use organic compounds that emit light when current is applied.
• They enable design of thin, lightweight, and energy-efficient displays.

2. Quantum Dots:

• Quantum Dots are nanoscale semiconductor particles that emit specific wavelengths when excited.
• They provide an expanded colour gamut and higher energy efficiency for screens.

Advanced Packaging Materials:

1. Copper (Cu) and Low-k Dielectrics:

• Copper is used in semiconductor packages for its electrical conductivity.
• Low-k dielectrics lower signal interference and enhance integrated circuit performance.

2. Integrated 3D Circuits:

• Materials for 3D-integrated circuits include Through-Silicon Vias and advanced bonding techniques.
• They allow stacking multiple layers to optimise space and increase data transmission speed.

Flexible and Wearable Electronics:

1. Polymer Substrates:

• Polymer substrates are used for flexible and wearable electronic devices.
• They enable development of bendable and stretchable electronics for clothing and medical sensors.

2. Flexible, Transparent, Conductive Films:

• Transparent conductive films made from Indium Tin Oxide are used in touchscreens and displays.
• Alternatives such as silver nanowires and graphene offer enhanced flexibility and conductivity.