Iron is a metal with a reflective grey surface that oxidises rapidly in humid conditions. It oxidises in humid air owing to a chemical reaction with oxygen. Data shows that 90 % of metals refined today consist of iron. Its appearance is a reflective grey metallic finish. Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and the most abundant element in the planet overall.
Atomic mass: 55.845 Element category: Transition metal Iron is a metal that corrodes when exposed to moist air. It corrodes under such conditions and accounts for 90 % of the metals processed in modern industry. Iron displays a grey metallic appearance. It is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and the predominant element in the planet Earth.
Most iron is used in steel production. Steel is employed in construction (reinforced concrete, beams, etc.) and industry.
There are multiple types of steel with distinct properties and applications. Ordinary carbon steel is an alloy comprising iron and carbon (ranging from 0.1 % in construction steel to 2 % in high-carbon steels) with minor amounts of other elements.
Iron (Fe) Products
Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM) now offers various iron products, including:
Strength and Durability: Iron exhibits measurable strength. It is used in load-bearing structures such as high-rise buildings and bridges. Given that these applications require proven performance, engineering standards verify its use.
Magnetic Properties: Iron exhibits magnetic properties. It is used in electronic devices, motors and generators. Consequently, these properties support its application in electrical generation and communication technology.
Biological Significance: Iron is essential for life. It is required for oxygen transport by haemoglobin in red blood cells. A deficiency in iron impairs oxygen delivery to cells.
Versatile Alloying Element: Iron serves as the base element for a variety of alloys such as steel. The addition of elements such as carbon, chromium and nickel alters its properties. Consequently, alloys with defined strength, corrosion resistance and heat tolerance are produced.
Applications of Iron:
Construction and Infrastructure: Iron is used in construction. It supports structures in buildings, bridges, roads and other infrastructure projects.
Transport: Iron is used in manufacturing vehicles, including cars, ships, trains and aircraft. Its durability supports usage in railway tracks.
Manufacturing: Iron is employed in industrial processes to produce machinery, tools, and equipment. It fulfils essential operational functions.
Energy Production: Iron is a key component in electrical transformers, generators and motors. It contributes to the generation and distribution of electricity.
Biomedical Applications: Iron supplements treat iron deficiency anaemia. Iron nanoparticles are used in drug delivery and medical imaging.
Why Choose Iron?
Abundant Availability: Iron occurs naturally in large quantities. Therefore, it is available for multiple applications.
Mechanical Reliability: Iron provides stable performance in structural and mechanical applications. Its use is validated by industrial standards.
Versatility: Iron is used across various sectors, including construction and engineering.
Biological Importance: Iron is vital for human health. It plays a role in oxygen transport and cellular function.
Historical Impact: Iron has contributed to human progress. Its applications have been documented over many centuries.
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