Converters & Calculators
Silver: Element Properties And Uses
Description
Silver is a lustrous element. It is known for its high electrical conductivity, defined chemical reactivity and multiple applications in industry, art and medicine.
Introduction to the Element
Silver is one of the best-known elements in the periodic table. Its history spans several millennia. Known by its Latin name Argentum, silver is noted for its bright appearance and distinct properties. It has been used in coinage and technical devices, thereby contributing to trade, art and science.
Description of Chemical Properties
Silver, with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47, exhibits several notable chemical properties. Compared with other metals it is relatively inert but forms compounds with specific elements under appropriate conditions. For example, silver reacts with sulphur compounds to form silver sulphide, which causes surface tarnish. This reaction is important when caring for silver objects and jewellery.
In general the element exhibits a +1 oxidation state. In certain compounds it may display a +2 or +3 oxidation state. Its reaction with halogens produces silver halides, which have historical significance in photography. The formation of these compounds results from silver’s ability to participate in ionic bonding with non-metals, thereby forming stable salts.
Furthermore the antimicrobial properties of silver are attributable to its capacity to disrupt microbial cell membranes and interfere with enzyme function. These chemical properties render silver a subject of academic study and a material of practical significance in various scientific and industrial applications.
Table of Physical Properties
|
Property |
Value |
Unit |
|
Atomic number |
47 |
- |
|
Atomic mass |
107.87 |
g/mol |
|
Density |
10.49 |
g/cm³ |
|
Melting point |
961.8 |
°C |
|
Boiling point |
2162 |
°C |
|
Electrical conductivity |
6.3 × 10⁷ |
S/m |
|
Thermal conductivity |
429 |
W/(m-K) |
|
Appearance |
Lustrous, metallic |
- |
For further information please visit Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM).
Common Applications
Silver is employed in various applications because it combines multiple measurable properties. One common application is in the manufacture of jewellery and decorative items.
In electronics, silver is valued for its high electrical conductivity. It is utilised in electrical contacts, conductors and high-performance circuits.
In photography, silver compounds, particularly silver halides, are used in the production of photographic films and papers. Although digital imaging is prevalent, traditional photographic techniques continue to rely on these compounds owing to their light sensitivity.
Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of silver have led to its use in medical devices, wound dressings and water purification systems.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the significance of silver’s high conductivity?
The high electrical and thermal conductivity of silver is essential for efficient energy transfer and performance in circuits.
How does silver react with sulphur in the environment?
Silver reacts with sulphur compounds to form silver sulphide. This compound causes tarnishing over time.
What are the main industrial applications of silver?
Silver is used in jewellery, electronics, photography, solar cells and as an antimicrobial agent in medical devices and water purification systems.
What methods are commonly used to extract silver from its ores?
Extraction processes such as cyanidation, smelting and electrolytic refining are typically employed to obtain pure silver from ores.
How do silver compounds contribute to industrial processes?
Compounds such as silver nitrate and silver halides play a key role in photographic processes, chemical synthesis and as catalysts in various industrial reactions.
Chin Trento
