Vanadium Oxide: Phase Diagrams, Structures, Synthesis, and Applications

Title	Vanadium Oxide: Phase Diagrams, Structures, Synthesis, and Applications
Authors	Peng Hu, Ping Hu, Tuan Duc Vu, Ming Li, Shancheng Wang, Yujie Ke, Xianting Zeng, Liqiang Mai, Yi Long
Magazine	Chemical Reviews
Date	03/27/2023
DOI	10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00546
Introduction	Vanadium oxides, with their diverse oxidation states and crystalline forms, offer exceptional electrical, optical, and magnetic properties that can be harnessed for a wide range of applications. Over the last three decades, extensive research has focused on understanding the fundamental properties and potential uses of vanadium oxide materials in ion batteries, water splitting, smart windows, supercapacitors, and sensors. This review highlights recent advancements in the synthesis and applications of both thermodynamically stable and metastable vanadium oxides, such as V2O3, V3O5, VO2, V3O7, V2O5, V2O2, V6O13, and V4O9. Initially, the phase diagram of the V–O system is introduced. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of the crystal structures, synthesis methods, and applications of each vanadium oxide, with an emphasis on their roles in batteries, catalysts, smart windows, and supercapacitors. The review concludes with insights into how improving materials and devices can overcome existing challenges, potentially accelerating the development of novel vanadium oxide structures for related applications.
Quote	Hu, P.; Hu, P.; Vu, T. D.; Li, M.; Wang, S.; Ke, Y.; Zeng, X.; Mai, L.; Long, Y. Vanadium Oxide: Phase Diagrams, Structures, Synthesis, and Applications. Chem. Rev. 2023, 123, 4 353-4 415. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00546
Element	Vanadium (V)
Industry	Energy Storage & Batteries