Converters & Calculators
Iridium: Element Properties And Uses
Description
Iridium (Ir) is a dense, corrosion‐resistant, silvery-white metal with the second highest density. It is used in spark plugs, electrical contacts and in the aerospace sector. It withstands high temperatures and chemical exposures.
Introduction
Iridium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth’s crust and is classified among the platinum-group metals. This element has the chemical symbol Ir and atomic number 77. It was discovered in the early 19th century and has since been the subject of academic research and industrial interest. Its high melting point and stability under high temperature conditions qualify its use in applications that require material endurance.
Chemical Properties
Iridium exhibits a series of chemical properties that differentiate it from many other metals. It is highly resistant to oxidation and corrosion even when exposed to harsh environmental conditions. This inertness is attributed to its ability to maintain stable oxidation states in various compounds – most commonly +3 and +4. The chemical stability of the element under aggressive conditions renders it useful in catalytic processes and in environments where other metals would degrade quickly.
Physical Properties
The physical properties of Iridium are of practical importance. As one of the densest elements, it has a high melting point and considerable hardness, which contribute to its durability. Its wear resistance qualifies it for use in products that are subjected to heavy loads. Measurements of its density and thermal properties have confirmed that it plays a significant role in applications where materials are required to perform reliably under load. Its physical characteristics facilitate its use in demanding environments and add to its industrial worth.
|
Property |
Value |
|
Atomic Number |
77 |
|
Atomic Weight |
192.217 |
|
Density |
22.56 g/cm³ |
|
Melting Point |
2446°C |
|
Boiling Point |
4130°C |
Further information can be found at Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM).
Common Applications
Iridium is employed in a variety of industrial applications.
l Owing to its electrical conductivity and resistance to thermal degradation, the metal is used in the manufacture of spark plugs for aircraft and high-performance engines.
lIn addition, Iridium is incorporated in high‐strength alloys to enhance the durability and corrosion resistance of mechanical components.
lBecause of its properties, it is also used in the production of crucibles and other devices that must withstand high temperatures without compromising structural integrity.
lThe performance of the metal under sustained load has led to its use in scientific instruments, electrical contacts and specialised coatings.
Preparation Methods
The extraction of Iridium involves advanced chemical processes because the element occurs only in small quantities in nature. Ores containing platinum‐group metals are processed, and careful refining techniques are employed to isolate Iridium from other components. High temperatures and pressures are applied in these procedures to achieve the required purity. After refining, Iridium is used in the production of a range of industrial products, including high‐strength alloys, electrical components and specialised catalyst materials used in the chemical industry.
Frequently Asked Questions
What role does Iridium play in industrial applications?
Iridium is used because it resists corrosion and high temperatures. It is hence suitable for industrial components that require a long operational lifespan.
How is Iridium typically extracted from natural sources?
Ores containing platinum‐group metals are processed and advanced refining techniques are employed to isolate and purify the element.
How is Iridium frequently used in modern technology?
It is frequently incorporated in spark plugs, high‐strength alloys, electrical contacts and as a catalyst in the chemical industry.
Why is Iridium considered one of the rarest elements?
Its rarity is due to the low concentration in the Earth’s crust and the complex, resource‐intensive extraction processes required to obtain pure Iridium.
How do the physical properties of Iridium contribute to its industrial value?
The high density, elevated melting point and hardness of Iridium qualify it for applications that require materials to perform under sustained load.
Chin Trento
