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2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Title	2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors	Alice H. Lichtenstein, Lawrence J. Appel, Maya Vadiveloo, Frank B. Hu, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Casey M. Rebholz, Frank M. Sacks, Anne N. Thorndike, Linda Van Horn, Judith Wylie-Rosett, on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Lifestyle and C
Magazine	Circulation
Date	11/02/2021
DOI	10.1161/CIR.0000000000001031
Introduction	Suboptimal dietary quality significantly correlates with an increased likelihood of cardiovascular disease and associated fatalities. This scientific statement highlights the significance of complete dietary patterns over isolated foods or nutrients, stressing the vital role of nutrition from early life stages. It outlines key components of heart-healthy eating habits and addresses systemic obstacles hindering their adoption. The evidence-based recommendations for supporting cardiometabolic health encompass: (1) balancing energy intake and expenditure for a healthy weight; (2) consuming abundant and diverse fruits and vegetables; (3) selecting whole grain foods; (4) opting for beneficial protein sources, primarily plant-based, with regular fish and seafood, low-fat dairy, and lean, unprocessed meats if consumed; (5) utilising liquid plant oils instead of tropical or partially hydrogenated fats; (6) preferring minimally processed foods; (7) limiting added sugars in foods and drinks; (8) preparing foods with minimal or no salt; (9) avoiding alcohol if not already consumed, and limiting intake if consumed; and (10) following these guidelines consistently in all food preparation and consumption settings. Barriers to healthy dietary patterns include aggressive marketing of unhealthy products, community inequities, food scarcity, and systemic racism. Establishing an environment that supports universal adherence to heart-healthy dietary practices is a critical public health objective.
Quote	Alice H. Lichtenstein, Lawrence J. Appel and Maya Vadiveloo et al. 2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001031
Industry	Research & Laboratory

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