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An 800 million solar mass black hole in a significantly neutral universe at redshift 7.5

Title	An 800 million solar mass black hole in a significantly neutral universe at redshift 7.5
Authors	E. Bañados, B. P. Venemans, C. Mazzucchelli, E. P. Farina, F. Walter, F. Wang, R. Decarli, D. Stern, X. Fan, F. Davies, J. F. Hennawi, R. Simcoe, M. L. Turner, H-W. Rix, J. Yang, D. D. Kelson, G. Rudie, J. M. Winters
Date	12/05/2017
Introduction	Quasars represent the brightest non-transient celestial bodies, offering unique opportunities to investigate the universe during its earliest periods. For over five years, ULASJ1120+0641 (at z=7.09) stood as the sole quasar known beyond redshift 7. This work presents observations of a new quasar, ULAS J134208.10+092838.61 (J1342+0928), situated at a redshift of z=7.54. This object exhibits a bolometric luminosity of 4e13 Lsun and a black hole mass of 8e8 Msun. The presence of such a massive black hole when the universe was merely 690 million years old (approximately 5% of its current age) lends support to early black hole evolution theories, which propose initial black hole masses exceeding 1e4 Msun or intermittent hyper-Eddington accretion. Evidence strongly suggests the quasar's Ly-alpha emission line is absorbed by a Gunn-Peterson damping wing within the intergalactic medium, consistent with a substantially neutral intergalactic hydrogen environment around J1342+0928. A notable neutral fraction is determined, with specific values contingent on the modelling approach. Nevertheless, even with conservative analyses, a neutral hydrogen fraction xHI > 0.33 (xHI > 0.11) is found with 68% (95%) probability, confirming that these observations delve deeply into the reionisation epoch.
Quote	∼ N 2 ∼ ???? 2
Element	Hydrogen (H)
Industry	Research & Laboratory , Space

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