Delayed-type hypersensitivity to metals in connective tissue diseases and fibromyalgia

Title	Delayed-type hypersensitivity to metals in connective tissue diseases and fibromyalgia
Authors	Geir Bjørklund, Maryam Dadar, Jan Aaseth
Magazine	Environmental Research
Date	02/01/2018
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.004
Introduction	Rheumatic diseases, a subgroup of connective tissue diseases (CTD), are autoimmune disorders influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. These conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS), frequently involve joint issues and heightened metal sensitivity. This review examines metal sensitivity, focusing on nickel, mercury, gold, palladium, titanium, and chromium exposure. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), RA, and SS show increased instances of metal delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), a Type IV allergy. Dental materials often release metals, exposing adults to metal ions through vapour or corrosion, potentially inducing inflammatory responses. These inflammations play a crucial role in CTD progression. Metal-specific T cell reactivity may contribute to chronic rheumatic inflammation. Understanding metal DTH in autoimmunity presents a significant research challenge.
Quote	Geir Bjørklund, Maryam Dadar and Jan Aaseth. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to metals in connective tissue diseases and fibromyalgia. Environ. Res. 2018. Vol. 161:573-579. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.004
Element	Nickel (Ni) , Mercury (Hg) , Palladium (Pd) , Titanium (Ti) , Chromium (Cr)
Materials	Metals and Alloys
Industry	Dentistry , Medical Devices