Nickel, chromium and cobalt in consumer products: revisiting safe levels in the new millennium.

Title	Nickel, chromium and cobalt in consumer products: revisiting safe levels in the new millennium.
Authors	Arieh Ingber, P Kern, D. A. Basketter, Torkil Menné, Gianni Angelini
Magazine	Contact Dermatitis
Date	06/30/2003
DOI	10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.00149.x
Introduction	Nickel, chromium, and cobalt are transition metals often linked to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), particularly among individuals engaged in domestic duties. Contamination of household products with these metals is suspected to contribute to the onset and persistence of hand eczema. Research indicates that, under controlled conditions, sensitised individuals rarely react to metal concentrations below 1 p.p.m. However, in realistic exposure settings, reactions occur at levels below 10 p.p.m. Consequently, it was advised that consumer products should contain no more than 5 p.p.m. of each metal, with an ultimate target of 1 p.p.m. Recent data reinforces these recommendations, emphasising that maintaining metal levels at or below 1 p.p.m. makes ACD occurrences highly unlikely and minimises the risk of sensitisation.
Quote	Arieh Ingber, P Kern and D. A. Basketter et al. Nickel, chromium and cobalt in consumer products: revisiting safe levels in the new millennium.. 2003. DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.00149.x
Element	Nickel (Ni) , Chromium (Cr) , Cobalt (Co)