Toxicity of mercury, copper, nickel, lead, and cobalt to embryos and larvae of zebrafish, Danio rerio.

Title	Toxicity of mercury, copper, nickel, lead, and cobalt to embryos and larvae of zebrafish, Danio rerio.
Authors	Göran Dave, Ruiqin Xiu
Magazine	Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Date	07/01/1991
DOI	10.1007/BF01055567
Introduction	This study evaluates the toxicity of mercury, copper, nickel, lead, and cobalt in zebrafish embryos and larvae under standardised conditions. The investigation began at the blastula stage, 2-4 hours post-spawning, and monitored the effects on hatching and survival over 16 days. Copper and nickel showed significant inhibition of hatching compared to cobalt, lead, and mercury. The 'no effect' concentrations, determined through ZEPs for hatching and survival times, were notably lower for copper than previously documented. This discrepancy is attributed to the absence of organic compounds in the reconstituted water used, with a hardness of 100 mg/L as CaCO3 and pH levels between 7.5 and 7.7. Additionally, unexposed controls were used to estimate parental variability in early embryo mortality, median hatching time, and survival.
Quote	Göran Dave and Ruiqin Xiu. Toxicity of mercury, copper, nickel, lead, and cobalt to embryos and larvae of zebrafish, Danio rerio. 1991. DOI: 10.1007/BF01055567
Element	Mercury (Hg) , Copper (Cu) , Nickel (Ni) , Cobalt (Co)
Materials	Chemical Compounds