Name: CY2518 Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Crystal (LiNbO3, PPLN)
Brand: Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM)
SKU: CY2518
Availability: InStock

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CY2518 Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Crystal (LiNbO3, PPLN)

Catalogue Number	CY2518
Material	LiNbO3
Parallelism	< 10 (custom < 1) arc min

Periodically poled Lithium Niobate crystal (LiNbO3, PPLN) is a synthetic material used widely in industry. Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM) supplies periodically poled Lithium Niobate crystal (LiNbO3, PPLN) to academic and industrial sectors.

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Description

Specification

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Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Crystal Description:

Based on the quasi-phase matching (QPM) theory, Lithium Niobate (LiNbO₃, LN) crystals can be fabricated with periodically inverted domains, a structure known as Periodically-Poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN). This structure compensates for phase mismatch caused by dispersion, thus maximising the effective nonlinear coefficient of the crystal. The periodic domain inversion enhances the crystal's nonlinear optical properties, significantly improving its frequency conversion performance.

PPLN crystals are widely used for applications such as second-harmonic generation (SHG) and optical parametric amplification (OPA) at wavelengths greater than 1 000 nm, particularly for 1 064 nm pump light. These crystals can also achieve quasi-phase matching, leading to highly efficient nonlinear optical processes. Thanks to their large electro-optic and acousto-optic coefficients, LiNbO₃ crystals are commonly used in various advanced technologies, including Pockels cells, Q-switches, phase modulators, waveguide materials, and acoustic wave devices.

Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Crystal Specifications:

Chemical and Structural Properties

Crystal Structure	Trigonal, Space Group R3c, Point Group 3m
Lattice Parameters	a = 5.148 Å, c = 13.863 Å
Melting Point	1 253 °C
Curie Temperature	1 140 °C
Mohs Hardness	5
Density	4.64 g/cm³
Elastic Modulus (CE11)	2.33 × 10¹¹ N/m²
Elastic Modulus (CE33)	2.77 × 10¹¹ N/m²

Nonlinear and Electro-Optical Properties

Transmission Range	420-5 200 nm
Optical Uniformity	~5 × 10⁻⁵ /cm
Refractive Index (ne)	2.146 (at 1 300 nm), 2.156 (at 1 064 nm) 2.203 (at 632.8 nm)
Refractive Index (no)	2.220 (at 1 300 nm), 2.232 (at 1 064 nm) 2.286 (at 632.8 nm)
Effective Nonlinear Coefficients	d33 = 86×d36 (KDP) d31 = 11.6×d36 (KDP) d22 = 5.6×d36 (KDP)
Nonlinear Optical Coefficients	deff (I) = d31 sinθ - d22 cosθ sin³φ deff (II) = d22 cos²θ cos³φ
Sellmeier Equation (λ in μm)	no² = 4.9048 + 0.11768 / (λ² - 0.04750) - 0.027169 λ², ne² = 4.5820 + 0.099169 / (λ² - 0.04443) - 0.02195 λ²
Absorption Coefficient	0.1%/cm @ 1 064 nm
Thermo-Optic Coefficients	dno/dT = -0.874×10⁻⁶ /K @ 1 400 nm dne/dT = 39.073×10⁻⁶ /K @ 1 400 nm
Damage Threshold	100 MW/cm² (10 ns, 1 064 nm)

Thermal and Electrical Properties

Melting Point	1 250 °C
Curie Temperature	1 140 °C
Thermal Conductivity	38 W/m·K @ 25 °C
Thermal Expansion Coefficients	a = 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ /K c = 2.2 × 10⁻⁶ /K
Resistivity	2 × 10⁻⁶ Ω·cm @ 200 °C
Dielectric Constants	εS11/ε₀ = 43, εT11/ε₀ = 78 εS33/ε₀ = 28, εT33/ε₀ = 2
Piezoelectric Constants	D22 = 2.04 × 10⁻¹¹ C/N D33 = 19.22 × 10⁻¹¹ C/N
Electro-Optic Coefficients	γT33 = 32 pm/V, γS33 = 31 pm/V γT31 = 10 pm/V, γS31 = 8.6 pm/V γT22 = 6.8 pm/V, γS22 = 3.4 pm/V
Half-Wave Voltage (DC)	3.03 kV (E-field // z, light ⊥ z) 4.02 kV (E-field // x or y, light ⊥ z)

Product Specification

Dimensional Tolerance	(W ± 0.1 mm) × (H ± 0.1 mm) × (L ± 0.2 mm)
Effective Clear Aperture	Centre 90% Area
Surface Quality	20/10, according to MIL-PRF-13830B standard
Flatness	λ/8 @ 633 nm
Transmission Wavefront Distortion	λ/4 @ 633 nm
Parallelism	20″
Perpendicularity	≤ 15′
Angle Tolerance	≤ 0.5°
Warranty Period	One year (under normal usage conditions)

*The above product information is based on theoretical data. For specific requirements and detailed inquiries, please contact us.

Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Crystal Applications:

Frequency Conversion:

PPLN crystals are primarily used in frequency conversion processes, such as second-harmonic generation (SHG), where they can efficiently double the frequency of an input laser, particularly for wavelengths above 1 000 nm.

Optical Parametric Amplification (OPA):

Due to their quasi-phase matching ability, PPLN crystals are ideal for optical parametric amplification, enabling high-gain amplification in optical systems, including for 1 064 nm pump light.

Pockels Cells and Q-Switches:

Thanks to their large electro-optic coefficients, PPLN crystals are widely utilised in the fabrication of Pockels cells, which are crucial for controlling the polarisation state of light, and Q-switches, which are essential for pulse shaping in laser systems.

Phase Modulators:

PPLN crystals are used as phase modulators in various optical communication and laser systems, where precise control over the phase of light is needed for optimal performance.

Waveguide Materials:

The unique properties of PPLN make them suitable for waveguide applications, especially in integrated optics and photonic circuits, where the crystal can support a wide range of nonlinear optical processes.

Acoustic Wave Devices:

PPLN's acousto-optic capabilities are also valuable in creating high-performance devices that convert electrical signals into acoustic waves, such as in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and other acousto-optic modulators.

Packaging

Our products are packaged in customised cartons of various sizes based on the material dimensions. Small items are securely packed in PP boxes, while larger items are placed in custom wooden crates. We ensure strict adherence to packaging customisation and the use of appropriate cushioning materials to provide optimal protection during transportation.

Packaging: Clean bags, Single or Multi-chip Wafer Box, Carton, Wooden Box, or Customised.

Specification

Chemical and Structural Properties

Crystal Structure	Trigonal, Space Group R3c, Point Group 3m
Lattice Parameters	a = 5.148 Å, c = 13.863 Å
Melting Point	1253 °C
Curie Temperature	1140 °C
Mohs Hardness	5
Density	4.64 g/cm³
Elastic Modulus (CE11)	2.33 × 10¹¹ N/m²
Elastic Modulus (CE33)	2.77 × 10¹¹ N/m²

Nonlinear and Electro-Optical Properties

Transmission Range	420-5200 nm
Optical Uniformity	~5 × 10⁻⁵ /cm
Refractive Index (ne)	2.146 (at 1300 nm), 2.156 (at 1064 nm) 2.203 (at 632.8 nm)
Refractive Index (no)	2.220 (at 1300 nm), 2.232 (at 1064 nm) 2.286 (at 632.8 nm)
Effective Nonlinear Coefficients	d33 = 86×d36 (KDP) d31 = 11.6×d36 (KDP) d22 = 5.6×d36 (KDP)
Nonlinear Optical Coefficients	deff (I) = d31 sinθ - d22 cosθ sin³φ deff (II) = d22 cos²θ cos³φ
Sellmeier Equation (λ in μm)	no² = 4.9048 + 0.11768 / (λ² - 0.04750) - 0.027169 λ², ne² = 4.5820 + 0.099169 / (λ² - 0.04443) - 0.02195 λ²
Absorption Coefficient	0.1%/cm @ 1064 nm
Thermo-Optic Coefficients	dno/dT = -0.874×10⁻⁶ /K @ 1400 nm dne/dT = 39.073×10⁻⁶ /K @ 1400 nm
Damage Threshold	100 MW/cm² (10 ns, 1064 nm)

Thermal and Electrical Properties

Melting Point	1250 °C
Curie Temperature	1140 °C
Thermal Conductivity	38 W/m·K @ 25 °C
Thermal Expansion Coefficients	a = 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ /K c = 2.2 × 10⁻⁶ /K
Resistivity	2 × 10⁻⁶ Ω·cm @ 200 °C
Dielectric Constants	εS11/ε₀ = 43, εT11/ε₀ = 78 εS33/ε₀ = 28, εT33/ε₀ = 2
Piezoelectric Constants	D22 = 2.04 × 10⁻¹¹ C/N D33 = 19.22 × 10⁻¹¹ C/N
Electro-Optic Coefficients	γT33 = 32 pm/V, γS33 = 31 pm/V γT31 = 10 pm/V, γS31 = 8.6 pm/V γT22 = 6.8 pm/V, γS22 = 3.4 pm/V
Half-Wave Voltage (DC)	3.03 kV (E-field // z, light ⊥ z) 4.02 kV (E-field // x or y, light ⊥ z)

Product Specification

Dimensional Tolerance	(W ± 0.1 mm) × (H ± 0.1 mm) × (L ± 0.2 mm)
Effective Clear Aperture	Centre 90% Area
Surface Quality	20/10, according to MIL-PRF-13830B standard
Flatness	λ/8 @ 633 nm
Transmission Wavefront Distortion	λ/4 @ 633 nm
Parallelism	20″
Perpendicularity	≤ 15′
Angle Tolerance	≤ 0.5°
Warranty Period	One year (under normal usage conditions)