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A lithium-oxygen battery based on lithium superoxide.

Title	A lithium-oxygen battery based on lithium superoxide.
Authors	Jun Lu, Yun Jung Lee, Xiangyi Luo, Kah Chun Lau, Mohammad Asadi, Hsien-Hau Wang, Scott Brombosz, Jianguo Wen, Dengyun Zhai, Zonghai Chen, Dean J. Miller, Yo Sub Jeong, Jin-Bum Park, Zhigang Zak Fang, Bijandra Kumar, Amin Salehi-Khojin, Yang-Kook Sun, Larry A. Curtiss, Khalil Amine
Magazine	Nature
Date	01/11/2016
DOI	10.1038/nature16484
Introduction	Previous research has documented batteries utilising sodium superoxide and potassium superoxide. However, a battery system based solely on lithium superoxide (LiO2) has remained elusive, despite extensive investigation into lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries for their high energy density potential. Studies on Li-O2 batteries frequently show LiO2 forming as part of the discharge product, alongside lithium peroxide (Li2O2). Theoretical calculations suggest certain forms of LiO2 could exhibit extended lifetimes, indicating the possibility of isolating LiO2 for battery applications. Nonetheless, pure solid LiO2 has been challenging to synthesise due to its thermodynamic instability, leading to disproportionation into Li2O2. This work demonstrates the successful stabilisation of crystalline LiO2 within a Li-O2 battery through the implementation of a specialised graphene-based cathode. Characterisation techniques confirm the absence of Li2O2. A novel templating growth mechanism, involving iridium nanoparticles on the cathode surface, appears to facilitate the formation of crystalline LiO2. The findings indicate that the LiO2 generated in this Li-O2 battery maintains sufficient stability for repeated charge and discharge cycles at a notably low charge potential of approximately 3.2 volts. This advancement is expected to pave the way for new methods to synthesise and stabilise LiO2, thereby enabling the development of high-energy-density batteries powered by LiO2, as well as other potential applications like oxygen storage.
Quote	Jun Lu, Yun Jung Lee and Xiangyi Luo et al. A lithium-oxygen battery based on lithium superoxide. 2016. DOI: 10.1038/nature16484
Element	Lithium (Li) , Oxygen (O) , Carbon (C) , Iridium (Ir)
Materials	Crystals
Industry	Energy Storage & Batteries , Research & Laboratory

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