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A new anode material for oxygen evolution in molten oxide electrolysis

Title	A new anode material for oxygen evolution in molten oxide electrolysis
Authors	Antoine Allanore,Lan Yin,Donald R. Sadoway
Magazine	Nature
Date	05/01/2013
DOI	10.1038/nature12134
Introduction	Molten oxide electrolysis (MOE) is an advanced electrometallurgical method for directly obtaining liquid metals from oxide feedstocks. This technique offers significant process simplification and energy savings compared to conventional extractive metallurgy. MOE holds promise for reducing CO2 emissions in steel production, yielding carbon-free metals, and generating oxygen for space applications. Previously, MOE utilised anode materials that were either consumed (such as graphite for ferro-alloys and titanium) or prohibitively expensive for widespread use (such as iridium for iron). Achieving carbon-free metal production via MOE necessitates an anode material that maintains integrity while facilitating oxygen evolution. Iron production presents specific difficulties: extremely high process temperatures exceeding 1,538 degrees Celsius, the inherent corrosion of most metals under anodic polarization in these conditions, and the spontaneous reduction of iron oxide when in contact with many refractory metals or carbon. This study presents chromium-based alloy anodes that demonstrate minimal degradation during iron extraction and oxygen evolution within MOE. The consistent performance of these anodes stems from the formation of an electronically conductive solid solution of chromium(III) and aluminium oxides, structured as corundum. These results support the feasibility of scaling up MOE for steel manufacturing and offer a crucial material solution for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions while producing high-quality metal.
Quote	Antoine Allanore, Lan Yin and Donald R. Sadoway. A new anode material for oxygen evolution in molten oxide electrolysis. Nature. 2013. Vol. 497(7449):353-356. DOI: 10.1038/nature12134
Element	Aluminum (Al) , Carbon (C) , Chromium (Cr) , Iridium (Ir) , Oxygen (O) , Titanium (Ti)
Materials	Metals and Alloys
Topics	Environmental and Green Materials , Structural Materials
Industry	Steel & Alloy Producers , Space , Research & Laboratory

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