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Stable iridium dinuclear heterogeneous catalysts supported on metal-oxide substrate for solar water oxidation

Title	Stable iridium dinuclear heterogeneous catalysts supported on metal-oxide substrate for solar water oxidation
Authors	Yanyan Zhao, Ke R. Yang, Zechao Wang, Xingxu Yan, Sufeng Cao, Yifan Ye, Qi Dong, Xizi Zhang, James E. Thorne, Lei Jin, Kelly L. Materna, Antonios Trimpalis, Hongye Bai, Sirine C. Fakra, Xiaoyan Zhong, Peng Wang, Xiaoqing Pan, Jinghua Guo, Maria Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, Gary W. Brudvig, Victor S. Batista, and Dunwei Wang
Magazine	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date	03/05/2018
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1722137115
Introduction	While single-atom catalyst (SAC) research is well-established, atomically dispersed catalysts featuring two atoms remain less studied. This work details the synthesis of a stable iridium (Ir) dinuclear heterogeneous catalyst via a straightforward photochemical route. This catalyst demonstrates exceptional stability and high activity for water oxidation. From a catalysis standpoint, this research addresses a key challenge in heterogeneous catalysis: comprehending reaction mechanisms at a molecular level, as many highly active heterogeneous catalysts lack well-defined atomic structures. This advancement builds upon SAC studies, offering a material system to investigate reactions that necessitate multiple active sites. Atomically dispersed catalysts are substrate-supported heterogeneous catalysts characterised by isolated active metal atoms. This category includes single-atom catalysts and nanoparticles. Despite extensive reporting on SACs and nanoparticles, catalysts with a few precisely structured atoms are less common due to synthesis difficulties. Here, we present a simple photochemical technique to produce catalytic centres comprising two Ir metal cations, oxygen-bridged, and firmly anchored to a support. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) provides direct confirmation of the dinuclear nature of these catalysts on α-Fe₂O₃. Further experimental and computational analyses indicate that specific threefold hollow binding sites on the OH-terminated α-Fe₂O₃ surface secure the catalysts, ensuring remarkable stability against detachment or aggregation. These resulting catalysts exhibit potent activity for H₂O photooxidation.
Quote	Yanyan Zhao, Ke R. Yang and Zechao Wang et al. Stable iridium dinuclear heterogeneous catalysts supported on metal-oxide substrate for solar water oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722137115
Element	Iridium (Ir) , Oxygen (O) , Hydrogen (H)
Industry	Solar Energy , Research & Laboratory

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