HA5269 Treme-HA® Powder

Treme-HA® Description

Treme-HA® is a water-soluble polymer whose molecular framework consists of α-(1-3)-glycosidic, bone-linked mannan with branched chains of glucuronic acids, xylose, and fucose. Its active centre is a common structural part: α-(1-3)-mannan.

Tremella polysaccharides can be broadly classified into five main categories: acidic heteropolysaccharides, neutral heteropolysaccharides, cell wall polysaccharides, extracellular polysaccharides, and acidic oligosaccharides. It appears as a white or off-white powder that easily absorbs moisture, is soluble in water, distributes well in glycerin and propylene glycol, and is insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone.

Tremella polysaccharide can be regarded as a plant-based hyaluronic acid with a molecular weight of up to 1.3–1.6 million Da. It is currently the only plant-based moisturiser in the cosmetic raw material industry with a molecular weight exceeding 1 million Da. Compared to hyaluronic acid, it exhibits greater efficacy in many aspects: it hydrates, counteracts oxidation and ageing, enhances skin feel, thickens the skin, and emulsifies.

Treme-HA® Specifications

Treme-HA® Applications

• Effective Moisturisation

Treme-HA® can significantly improve the hydration capacity of skin cells, increase the moisture content of the skin, and form a moisturising protective film to reduce moisture loss from the skin's surface, achieving a dual effect of water retention and binding.

• Anti-Oxidation and Anti-Aging

Treme-HA® possesses the ability to scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and inhibit cellular ageing by restricting lipid peroxidation in cells. This enhances the vitality of skin cells, promotes skin regeneration, delays skin ageing, and repairs sun-damaged skin.

• Improvement of Skin Feel

Treme-HA® is a high molecular weight polymer with good skin affinity and viscosity. When added to skincare products, it can provide the skin with a moist and fresh feel without dryness or tightness.

Study Results

Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TFPS), the extract of Tremella fuciformis Berk, has demonstrated strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ageing effects. Initially, a model for hydrogen peroxide-induced injury to human skin fibroblasts was established. To study the protective effect of TFPS, MTT assays and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation tests, as well as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting were conducted. Hydrogen peroxide reduced the viability of human skin fibroblasts while simultaneously increasing ROS production and cellular apoptosis. Treatment with 0-400 µg/ml TFPS alone for up to 48 hours did not change cell viability. Specifically, TFPS pretreatment minimised oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in hydrogen peroxide-treated skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, TFPS pretreatment profoundly inhibited the expression of p16, p21, p53, and caspase-3 while activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase and serine/threonine kinase 1 of Akt. Additionally, TFPS further protected fibroblasts by upregulating SIRT1 expression, which was counteracted by the SIRT1 inhibitor niacinamide. These results suggest that TFPS mitigates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in skin fibroblasts through the upregulation of SIRT1 expression, indicating that TFPS may act as a potential therapeutic agent for skin disorders associated with oxidative stress and ageing.[1]

LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production stimulated the secretion of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. LPS also enhanced the nuclear translocation of NFκB, promoting inflammation via oxidative stress. However, pretreatment with TFPS significantly inhibited the activation of Akt, p38MAPK, and NFκB and reduced MCP-1 expression in macrophages. Concurrently, TFPS decreased cytokine and ROS levels and attenuated cell inflammation following LPS treatment. Moreover, miR-155, a key small RNA that regulates NFκB and inflammation in macrophages, was significantly downregulated[2].

Safety

In our study, we assessed the cytotoxicity of TFPS in RAW264.7 cells. Our data indicated that no apparent cytotoxicity occurred in RAW264.7 cells pretreated with TFPS at concentrations ranging from 0 to 300 μg/ml, suggesting that the medicinal properties of TFPS were safe. Our data also demonstrated that TNF-α and IL-6 expression levels in RAW264.7 cells decreased in relation to TFPS concentration. The optimal anti-inflammatory concentration of TFPS is 200 μg/ml. [3]

Directions for Use

Recommended Use: 0.01%-0.5%

Application: water-soluble, can be directly added to the aqueous phase

Application Scope: particularly suitable for essence, masks, creams, emulsions, toners, and other cosmetics

References

Tao Shen, Chao Duan, Beidong Chen, Meng Li, Yang Ruan, Danni Xu, Doudou Shi, Dan Yu, Jian Li, and Changtao Wang: Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide suppresses hydrogen peroxide-triggered injury of human skin fibroblasts via upregulation of SIRT1.Mol Med Rep. 2017 Aug; 16(2): 1340-1346

Yang Ruan, Hong Li, Lianmei Pu, Tao Shen, and Zening Jin: Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharides Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Macrophages through miR-155. Analytical Cellular Pathology / 2018 / Article ID 5762371

[1 ] Tao Shen, Chao Duan, Beidong Chen, Meng Li, Yang Ruan, Danni Xu, Doudou Shi, Dan Yu, Jian Li, and Changtao Wang: Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide suppresses hydrogen peroxide-triggered injury of human skin fibroblasts via upregulation of SIRT1. Mol Med Rep. 2017 Aug; 16(2): 1340-1346

[2 ] Yang Ruan, Hong Li, Lianmei Pu, Tao Shen, and Zening Jin: Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharides Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Macrophages through miR-155. Analytical Cellular Pathology / 2018 / Article ID 5762371

[3] Yang Ruan, Hong Li, Lianmei Pu, Tao Shen, and Zening Jin: Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharides Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Macrophages through miR-155. Analytical Cellular Pathology / 2018 / Article ID 5762371