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Converters & Calculators
Americium: Element Properties And Uses
Description
Americium is a man‐made radioactive element with distinct chemical and physical properties. It is used in scientific research and industrial applications.
Introduction to the Element
Americium, first synthesised in the mid‐20th century, is an element from the actinide series. Although it does not occur in significant quantities in nature, it is produced in nuclear reactors. Its synthetic origin provides valuable insights into radioactive behaviour and nuclear reactions.
Chemical Properties
Americium displays distinct chemical properties that differentiate it from other elements. It typically exists in the +3 oxidation state, although under controlled conditions higher states such as +4 and +6 may be observed. Its chemical reactivity is influenced by its electron configuration, which leads to complex interactions with various compounds.
It can form stable complexes with ligands, a property that has proven useful in a range of analytical and industrial applications. Researchers have documented its tendency to react with acids and bases, which is crucial in processes requiring controlled radioactive decay and ion exchange reactions.
Physical Properties
The physical properties of Americium significantly contribute to its practical applications and handling requirements. As a heavy element, Americium has a high density and a relatively high melting point. Under standard laboratory conditions, it remains stable in solid form; however, its radioactivity necessitates specialised handling and storage procedures.
|
Property |
Value |
Unit |
|
Atomic number |
95 |
- |
|
Atomic Weight |
~243 |
amu |
|
Melting point |
1 176 |
°C |
|
Boiling point |
2 600 |
°C |
|
Density |
13.69 |
g/cm³ |
|
Crystal Structure |
Double hexagonal close-packed |
- |
For further information, please visit Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM).
Common Uses
Americium is widely used in everyday devices and specialised industrial installations. One well-documented application is its use in ionisation smoke detectors, where Americium-241 plays an essential role in detecting smoke particles and triggering an alarm.
In addition to safety applications, Americium is also employed in oil drilling. Its alpha radiation is used in the analysis of the density and porosity of geological formations, thereby facilitating the exploration and extraction of natural resources.
Preparation Methods
Americium is produced by nuclear reactions occurring in specialised reactors. Typically, plutonium targets are bombarded with neutrons, thereby initiating a series of nuclear transformations that eventually yield Americium. This production method requires advanced facilities and strict safety protocols, given the risks associated with radioactivity.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Americium?
Americium is a synthetic radioactive element from the actinide series that is regularly used in smoke detectors and various industrial applications.
How is Americium produced?
It is produced in nuclear reactors by bombarding plutonium with neutrons. This process initiates a series of nuclear reactions that yield Americium.
What are common uses of Americium?
Americium is used in ionisation smoke detectors, in oil drilling, and in various devices that require stable radioactive sources.
Is Americium dangerous?
When proper safety protocols are observed in controlled settings, Americium poses minimal risk despite its radioactivity.
Can Americium occur naturally?
Americium does not typically occur naturally and is synthesised in nuclear reactors for research and industrial purposes.
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