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Converters & Calculators
Magnesium: Element Properties And Uses
Description
Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a metal involved in numerous biological and industrial processes.
Introduction to the Element
Magnesium is a silver‐white, lustrous and relatively light metal. It occurs abundantly in nature, particularly in minerals such as Dolomite and magnesite. Magnesium plays a role in enzyme function and participates in the structure of proteins, nucleic acids and cellular processes. Further information can be found at Stanford Advanced Materials.
Chemical Properties Description
Magnesium is a highly reactive element, particularly with oxygen and water. When exposed to air, a protective oxide layer is formed. It burns with a bright white light when ignited in air and reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. Magnesium belongs to the alkaline earth metals, thereby possessing a relatively low ionisation energy.
Physical Properties Data Table
|
Property |
Value |
|
Density |
1.738 g/cm³ |
|
Melting Point |
650 °C |
|
1.090 °C |
|
|
Electrical Conductivity |
Low |
|
Thermal Conductivity |
Low |
|
Malleability |
High |
|
Ductility |
High |
Common Uses
Magnesium is used owing to its low density and high strength in the manufacture of lightweight metal alloys, particularly in the automotive and aerospace sectors. It is also utilised in the production of fireworks, beacons and in the extraction of uranium from ores.
Extraction Methods
Magnesium is obtained by the electrolysis of magnesium chloride, which is derived from seawater or brine. Another method involves the reduction of magnesium oxide with calcium.
Related Industrial Products
Magnesium is incorporated in various industrial products, for instance in aircraft components, car wheels and in the production of certain types of glass. It is also used as an alloying agent in aluminium and is involved in the manufacture of steel and titanium.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the most common industrial applications of magnesium?
Magnesium is used primarily in lightweight metal alloys for the automotive and aerospace industries, as well as in the manufacture of fireworks and beacons.
How is magnesium produced?
Magnesium is mainly obtained by the electrolysis of magnesium chloride, derived from seawater, or by the reduction of magnesium oxide with calcium.
What are the physical properties of magnesium?
Magnesium is a light, malleable and ductile metal with a density of 1.738 g/cm³, a melting point of 650 °C and a boiling point of 1.090 °C.
What chemical reactions does magnesium undergo?
Magnesium reacts with water, acids and oxygen. When ignited in air, it burns with a bright white light. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas.
Is magnesium important for human health?
Yes, magnesium is required for various biological functions, including enzyme activity, protein synthesis and the regulation of muscular and neural functions.
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