Application Of Nanotechnology In The New Energy Industry

Given the current wave of technological advances, experts expect nanotechnology to play a significant role in developing low‐cost and clean energy. Nanotechnology offers potential to solve many of today’s energy challenges. At the nanoscale, nanomaterials possess chemical, biological and physical properties that differ from those of individual molecules, atoms or bulk matter.

The properties of materials at the nanoscale enable numerous applications of nanotechnology. One application is the development of novel energy systems. This applies to energy sources such as geothermal energy, hydrogen, solar energy, natural gas and nuclear fission energy.

Hydrogen functions well as an energy storage medium; however, it is not a primary energy source. Consequently, realising hydrogen as an alternative primary source remains unfeasible. Nanotechnology has enabled methods that improve the interaction between materials and hydrogen and provide cost‐effective storage and transport of the gas.

Nanoscience has reduced the cost of solar energy by improving the efficiency of photovoltaic cells. Nuclear power plants face waste management challenges, and nanotechnology appears to offer a practicable solution. Similar technologies have enhanced geothermal energy extraction by increasing the thermal conductivity of materials.

It is expected that nanotechnology will enable more efficient, higher capacity and cost‐effective energy generation, distribution and transmission. Nanotechnology will optimise current energy sources and facilitate the complete utilisation of new sources such as nuclear power, solar energy, geothermal energy and natural gas.

Furthermore, nanotechnology is anticipated to lower energy consumption by producing devices with improved energy efficiency. Research is examining the role of nanotechnology in modernising energy systems.