MgO:LiNbO3 Crystal Description
Pure LiNbO3 (LN) is selected for various optical applications. The MgO:LiNbO3 crystal exhibits an increased optical damage threshold, thereby addressing the low threshold issue observed in pure LiNbO3 crystals. MgO doping increases the threshold laser beam intensity by approximately 100 times.
MgO:LiNbO3 Description
MgO:LiNbO3 exhibits an effective nonlinear coefficient comparable to that of pure LiNbO3. The Sellmeier equations (for 5 mol% MgO doping) are given (λ in µm):
no2(λ) = 4.8762 + 0.11554/(λ² - 0.04674) - 0.033119λ²
ne2(λ) = 4.5469 + 0.094779/(λ² - 0.04439) - 0.026721λ²
Specifications of the MgO:LiNbO3 Crystal
Transmitted Wavefront Distortion
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Better than λ/4 at 633 nm
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Dimension Tolerance
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(B±0.1 mm) x (H±0.1 mm) x (L±0.2 mm)
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Clear Aperture
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Exceeds 90% of the central diameter
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Flatness
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λ/8 at 633 nm
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Surface Quality
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20/10 scratches/grooves
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Parallelism
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Better than 20 arcseconds
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Perpendicularity
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5 arcminutes
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Angular Tolerance
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Δq < 0.5°, Δf < 0.5°
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AR Coating
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Antireflection coating for two wavelength bands at 1064/532 nm on both surfaces, with R < 0.2% at 1064 nm and R < 0.5% at 532 nm per surface
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Mg-doped Concentration
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0.5–5%
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MgO:LiNbO3 Advantages
- High damage threshold;
- Non-critical phase-matching (NCPM) at room temperature;
- Wide transparency range;
- Consistent electro-optic and nonlinear optical performance;
- Reliable mechanical and chemical properties.
Applications of the MgO:LiNbO3 Crystal
1. Electro-optic Modulators:
MgO:LiNbO3 crystals are utilised in electro-optic modulators. They are used in telecommunications, optical signal processing and laser systems.
2. Frequency Doubling (Second-Harmonic Generation, SHG):
The crystals are employed in frequency doubling processes to generate coherent laser light at exactly half the wavelength of the input beam.
3. Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPOs) and Amplifiers (OPAs):
MgO:LiNbO3 crystals are integrated into optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers to adjust laser output at various wavelengths. They are applied in spectroscopy, imaging and scientific research.
4. Acousto-Optic Devices:
Acousto-optic devices employ these crystals for beam modulation and deflection. They are used in laser beam control, signal processing and laser-based measurements.
5. Nonlinear Optical Studies:
In quantum optical experiments, MgO:LiNbO3 crystals generate entangled photon pairs, squeezed states and other non-classical light states.
7. Light Modulation and Switching:
Due to their electro-optic properties, MgO:LiNbO3 crystals are suitable for light modulation and switching applications in telecommunications and optical signal processing.
8. Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs):
In the development of photonic integrated circuits, MgO:LiNbO3 crystals serve as key components for on-chip light manipulation and signal processing.
9. Laser Systems:
MgO:LiNbO3 crystals are incorporated into various laser systems, including solid-state and mode-locked lasers, for applications in material processing, medical technology and scientific research.